Journal of Low Power Electronics ISSN: 1546-1998 (Print): EISSN: 1546-2005 (Online) Copyright © 2000- American Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved.     Instructions for Authors   Electronic systems that can operate with very low power are of great technological interest. The growing research activity in the field of low power electronics requires a forum for rapid dissemination of important results: Journal of Low Power Electronics (JOLPE) is that international forum which offers scientists and engineers timely, peer-reviewed research in this field.   JOURNAL POLICY: It is journal policy to publish only original and unpublished research work therefore Journal of Low Power Electronics does not wish to receive any papers on research work that has already been reported in parts or contains already published text, data, figures, tables or other illustrations or any copyright materials whatsoever that has been submitted or accepted for publication either in a journal or conference proceedings elsewhere in any form, in print or in electronic media. When submitting a manuscript, authors should make a full statement to the Editor-in-Chief or Editors that the research work contained in their manuscript is completely original and unpublished. If redundant or duplicate publication is attempted or occurs authors should expect immediate editorial action to be taken including prompt rejection of the submitted manuscript. Submission of any manuscript that contains redundant or duplicate publication of the same or very similar research work violates the policies of this journal. JOLPE offers express publication of authoritative and comprehensive review articles, detailed full papers on original research and short communications of cutting-edge research results. The dedicated editors ensure express review (within 45 days of manuscript receipt) and express publication. JOLPE is able to attribute to authors of published articles a “CC-BY-Non-Commerical (NC)-No-Derivatives (ND)” license where users can download and distribute the work without any alterations of any kind after giving appropriate credit to original source, but material cannot be used for “any kind of commercial purpose” whatsoever. Neither modifications to the work nor commercial uses of the work are permitted. It is the sole responsibility of all authors to ensure that all manuscripts are new, original and not published previously in any form any media, shall not infringe upon or violate any kind of copyrights of others and does not contains any plagiarized, fraudulent and improperly attributed materials. Extended and modified versions of previously published abstracts, papers in any conference or journal are not allowed whatsoever. Corresponding author should provide a clear statement confirming this while submitting manuscript to any ASP journal. Is this manuscript 100% original and unpublished? Has this manuscript been published in parts (figures/text/tables) in any conference proceedings or journal in any media or language or format whatsoever? Is this manuscript from free from plagiarism (including self-plagiarism) and copyright infringement? Authors must follow this "Journal Policy" strictly. PUBLISHING ETHICS: American Scientific Publishers strictly follows guidelines set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors, available at www.publicationethics.org. All Authors, Peer-Reviewers and Editors work together in a great harmony to ensure the highest ethical standards in publishing quality research work in our journals. ETHICAL COMPLIANCE: Research papers reporting animal or clinical studies should, where appropriate, contain a statement that they have been carried out with animal or human ethics committee approval. All scientific studies should be carried out in accordance with the relevant national and local guidelines. Each author(s) warrants that his or her research institution has fully approved the protocol for all scientific studies involving animals or humans and that all experiments of any kinds were conducted in compliance with ethical and humane principles of research after ethics committee approval. SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT: Authors are kindly advised to read JOLPE policy before submitting their manuscript to JOLPE Editor. Authors are encouraged to submit high quality original research work that has not been published or nor under consideration by other journals or conference proceedings elsewhere in any format whatsoever. All manuscripts must be submitted ONLINE. A single manuscript file (containing all text, figures, tables etc.) needs to be uploaded in pdf or doc format. Authors using LaTeX for manuscript preparation, should upload the final source file after the acceptance notification. Please carefully follow the instructions for manuscript preparation, as detailed below. And before submission, cross check again with the checklist   Authors should suggest at least FIVE potential referees (Name, Department, Institute, Country, and email address), who may be contacted for reviewing the manuscript; though refereeing is done by anonymous reviewers. In order to ensure that the highest quality manuscripts are published, reviewing process is carried out in two stages. A mandatory editor's approval is required in the first stage for the manuscripts, before it is sent out for peer reviewing in the second stage. FREE COLORS: Color illustrations are most welcome by the journal as they are effective in conveying complex graphs and photographs. Free color printing at the Publisher's discretion, will provide an opportunity to publish color figures/illustrations in print at NO COST to the authors. MANUSCRIPT PROCESSING FEES: All new manuscripts submitted to this journal after 12am Pacific Time on October 16, 2017 will be subjected to a Manuscript-Processing Fees. Research article publishing is not without occurring costs and the costs have been steadily increasing. To defray part of the publication cost, the journal will charge manuscript-processing fees, to be paid by the authors or their affiliated research institutions. The publication fee will be used to defray part of the occurring expenses associated with manuscript processing, editorial work flow, typesetting, proofreading, printing, online-hosting, and archiving. Authors or their affiliated research institutions are required to pay US$ 550 per article from all Countries. All color figures/illustrations in a manuscript will be published FREE OF CHARGES. When submitting a manuscript through online, it will be processed with an understanding that the corresponding authors fully agree to pay all manuscript-processing fees upon acceptance. The author who submits the manuscript to the journal is fully responsible for the manuscript-processing fees. Accepted peer-reviewed manuscripts will not be processed and forwarded to production until all fees are paid in full to the publisher. Publisher will issue an invoice of manuscript-processing fees after a manuscript has been accepted for publication. Corresponding author will be asked to submit a signed Copyright Transfer Agreement (CTA) along with manuscript processing fees. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COPYEDITING It is sole responsibility of the authors to submit their final accepted manuscript in correct English language, free of all typographical/grammatical errors to meet high publishing standards. All authors from non-English language countries should get their final accepted manuscripts copyedited by professional copyediting services at author's own expense. All copyediting services are fully paid for and arranged by the authors. Manuscripts will be processed for publication on a condition that authors submit a certificate of proof along with their final accepted manuscript. A list of professional copyediting editing services can be found below. 1. American Journal Experts (www.aje.com) 2. BioMed Proofreading LLC (www.biomedproofreading.com/index.htm) 3. Editage (www.editage.com) 4. International Science Editing Ltd. (www.internationalscienceediting.com) 5. ScienceDocs Inc.(www.sciencedocs.com) 6. SciTechEdit International (www.scitechedit.com) 7. Stallard Scientific Editing (www.stallardediting.com) 8. Textcheck (www.textcheck.com) 9. Write Science Right (www.writescienceright.com/index.html) PDF FILES AND HARDCOPIES: Authors who submitted their manuscripts and have paid manuscript-processing fees will receive pdf files of their published articles. If authors require a hardcopy of the journal issue having their research articles then authors may also purchase hardcopies of the journal issue or subscribe to the journal by contacting the publisher. No free hardcopies of journal issue and/or research article are provided. If authors require a hardcopy of the journal issue having their research article then authors should pay additional $850 to the publisher to recover the costs of all color illustrations in a print edition and shipping.   OPEN ACCESS: After the manuscript passed the peer-review/editorial process, the Publisher would allow open access participation in Author ChoiceTM All open-access articles are permitted with a mutual understanding between authors and Publisher that Journal is able to attribute to authors of published articles a “CC-BY-Non-Commerical (NC)-No-Derivatives (ND)” license where users can download and distribute the work without any alterations of any kind, after giving appropriate credit to original source, but material cannot be used for “any kind of commercial purpose” whatsoever. Neither modifications to the work nor commercial uses of the work are permitted. COVER ART: JOLPE features new cover art every issue. Authors are encouraged to submit high quality color figure/illustration suitable for cover feature. TYPES OF CONTRIBUTIONS FULL PAPERS: JOLPE publishes high-quality full papers reporting an original research work in sufficient details. Simply explaining the results obtained does not constitute a scientific paper. Results must be compared with similar works reported by other groups and discussed scientifically. Authors should briefly mention the novelty of their research findings in the cover letter. The recommended length is 15-20 journal pages in the JOLPE format (see JOLPE Template). REVIEW ARTICLES: Review articles are normally published by invitation from the Editors. Review Articles should bring the reader up-to-date with research in a particular field, highlighting the areas of special excitement and progress. The article should highlight important developments made over the past 5-10 years, providing an authoritative in-depth discussion on existing problems. Authors should identify areas in the field where further developments are imminent, and give possible directions. The recommended length is 15-20 journal pages. Potential authors willing to publish a review article in JOLPE should contact an Editor with the review title, abstract and outline before the manuscript preparation. Authors are advised to cite proper references in all figures/tables captions of all previously published figures/tables/illustrations including their own published work and obtain proper copyright permissions from appropriate publishers and authors. It is authors' responsibility to obtain written copyright permissions to reproduce any copyright materials in print and online editions of the journal from other sources for reproduction of any figures, tables, photos, illustrations or other copyright materials from previously published work. RESEARCH NEWS & VIEWS: It is primarily for non-specialized readers on recent progress and developments in various areas of materials science and engineering. It also includes materials-research based technology transfers, major product launches, and government policies and initiatives towards research fundings, intellectual properties, etc. Recommended length is 1 page only including one display item. For all types of contributions mentioned above, the authors are required to suggest five potential reviewers (name, complete affiliation and e-mail), who must not be their collaborator at any stage. However, the editors are free to choose reviewers beyond the list suggested by the authors. TYPING: All manuscripts must be in English, typed double-spaced on one side of the page throughout (including footnotes, references, tables, legends) on 8.5" x 11" or A4 white paper leaving at least 1 inch left hand margin. INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL: The first page of the manuscript should have a concise title limited to about 15 words and the names of all authors, complete mailing address for correspondence, telephone, fax numbers and email address. Please indicate with an asterisk (*) the author to whom correspondence regarding the manuscript should be directed. ABSTRACT: All manuscripts must contain an informative 150 to 200 words abstract explaining the essential contents of the work, key experiments, ideas and results. KEYWORDS: Authors should provide 5-10 important keywords related their submitted research work. FIGURES: It is very important to supply high quality figures in a form suitable for reproduction. All figures, tables, illustrations, photographs should be prepared in such a way that they could be printed in a single column size with a width of 3 1/4 inches or 8.25 cm. Use 14 ARIAL BOLD font for legends and 12 ARIAL font for numbering/wordings in figures, use the same font for all figures. Only if absolutely necessary should figures/tables/photos occupy double columns.Each Figure should be presented on a separate page with the figure caption in the bottom. All schemes/drawings should be prepared by using proper tools and never drawn freehand. Scanning of any image or spectra (if required) should be done at least at 600 dpi. TABLES: Each table must be referred to in the text. Each table should be typed double-spaced on a separate sheet and identified sequentially by Arabic numerals corresponding to the order in which they appear in the text. Each table should have a brief explanatory title, which should be labeled unambiguously. The position of each table should be clearly marked in the text. UNITS: Internationally accepted units of measurement must be used. The units of measurement are used in conjunction with their numerical values; the units should be abbreviated as suggested below. If more commonly used units are adopted, conversion factors should be given at their first occurrence. Greek symbols may be used. %, ºC, nm, µm (not m), mm, cm, cm3, m, h (or hr), min, s (or sec), µg, mg, g (or gm), kg, cal, kcal, in. (or write out inch), ml [write out liter(s)]. The American Physical Society style guide can be used as a general reference on matter of units, grammar and formatting. ABBREVIATIONS: No abbreviations are allowed in the title and abstract and should be defined the first time they are used within the text. The "Journal of Low Power Electronics" should be abbreviated as J. Low Power Electronics. for the citation purpose. REFERENCES (Use Harvard Referencing): References should be in the proper Harvard style on a separate page, numbered in the sequence in which they occur in the text. Cite references numerically in a bracket [ ] in the text and list in the same numerical order at the end of the manuscript. References should be listed in the HARVARD Referencing format: Names of all Authors. The Surname is followed by First name initials. (example; Williams, P. G.) Year of Research Article Publication (in Bold: 2015) Title of Research Article. Full Journal Title (complete journal title in Italics, do not use abbreviated journal titles). Volume Number of the Journal. Issue Number of Journal. Page Numbers of research article (starting from beginning page to last page of a research article) Authors could directly copy the references of all research articles in Harvard style from Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com) and cite accordingly in their manuscripts. EXAMPLES OF HARVARD REFERENCING 1. Journal Articles in Harvard Style Xu, Y., Bai, H., Lu, G., Li, C. and Shi, G., 2008. Flexible graphene films via the filtration of water-soluble noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(18), pp.5856-5857. Kim, K.S., Kim, K.H., Nam, Y., Jeon, J., Yim, S., Singh, E., Lee, J.Y., Lee, S.J., Jung, Y.S., Yeom, G.Y. and Kim, D.W., 2017. Atomic layer etching mechanism of MoS2 for nanodevices. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(13), pp.11967-11976. 2. Book Referencing in Harvard Style Nalwa, H.S. and Miyata, S., eds., 1996. Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers. CRC Press. Nalwa, H.S., ed., 1997. Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers. 4-volume set. Wiley. Nalwa, H.S. ed., 2000. Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, 10-volume set. Academic Press. 3. Book Chapter in an Edited Book in Harvard Style Krill, C.E., Harberkorn, R. and Birringer, R., 1999. in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, edited by H. S. Nalwa, Academic Press, Vol. 2, pp.155-211. 4. Website in Harvard Style National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (https://www.nrel.gov/solar) 5. Conference Proceedings in Harvard Style Kimura, J. and Shibasaki, H., eds., (1995). Recent Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology, October 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. pp. 10-15.     Do not use the phrases "et al." and "ibid." in the reference section. Instead, the names of all authors in a reference must be listed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: These should be brief and placed at the end of the text before the references. PROOFS: Page proofs for the correction of printer's errors only will be dispatched to the corresponding author denoted with an asterik (*) unless otherwise requested. Alterations at this stage are not allowed as they are expensive and may have to be charged to the authors. The proofread copy and reprint order form must be returned within 72 hours. OFFPRINTS: Authors may order offprints of articles with a minimum of 100 from American Scientific Publishers (ASP) prior to publication. An order form accompanying the page proofs will be sent directly to the corresponding author (*). Please return your offprint order form with the page proofs. WARRANTIES AND COPYRIGHTS: By submitting the manuscript, the authors warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in the research article are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever. All authors are responsible for the complete contents of their manuscript. The author(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, do not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, and does not contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property. Each author(s) agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless American Scientific Publishers and the Editors for any breach of such warranties. It is authors' responsibility to obtain written copyright permissions from other sources (publishers) for reproduction of any figures, tables, photos, illustrations, text or other copyright materials from previously published work. It is the policy of American Scientific Publishers to own the copyright of all contributions it publishes. To comply with the U.S. Copyright Law, a Copyright Transfer Form that transfer copyright of the article to the publisher must be completed by the authors prior to publication of an accepted article in this journal. Authors must submit a signed copy of the Copyright Transfer Agreement with their manuscript. ETHICAL ISSUES: Authors cannot submit a manuscript for publication to other journals simultaneously. It is waste of valuable resources because editors and referees spent a great deal of time processing submitted manuscripts. It is also unethical to republish similar research articles (text/figures/tables) again because journals have limited page space and it most likely violates copyrights which have already been transferred to the first journal. Therefore, all journals require a signed author's copyright transfer agreement stating the originality of the research work submitted through a manuscript. As stated above that authors should submit original, new and unpublished research work to the journal. The ethical issues such as plagiarism, fraudulent and duplicate publication, violation of copyrights, authorship and conflict of interest are serious issues concerning ethical integrity when submitting a manuscript to a journal for publication. WITHDRAWAL OF MANUSCRIPTS: If the author requests withdrawal of manuscript after submission within the time span when the manuscript is still in the peer-reviewing process with Editors/Referees, author is allowed to withdraw the manuscript without paying any withdrawal penalty whatsoever. However, it is unethical to withdraw a submitted manuscript from one journal if accepted by another journal. The withdrawal of manuscripts from the journals after submitting to the publisher will incur a withdrawal penalty from American Scientific Publishers. After the manuscript is accepted for publication either through journal editors or guest editors or conference organizers, the withdrawal is not permitted by American Scientific Publishers. If the authors or conference organizers or a third party withdraw manuscripts any time after final manuscripts have already been submitted to American Scientific Publishers for processing, the request is not entertained without a significant withdrawal penalty. Authors or conference organizers or a third party are not allowed to withdraw submitted manuscripts because the withdrawal wastes valuable manuscript processing time, money and works invested by the publisher. The authors or conference organizers or a third party must always pay $200 per page manuscript processing charges as withdrawal penalty to the publisher even if the withdrawal is permitted. The withdrawal of the conference papers by conference organizers will never be permitted and the conference organizers will be punished for withdrawal by paying a withdrawal penalty of US$500 per manuscript. Withdrawal of manuscripts is only allowed after withdrawal penalty has been fully paid to the American Scientific Publishers by the authors or conference organizers or a third party. Any reason whatsoever of withdrawal of submitted manuscripts is treated as invalid and completely unacceptable under any circumstances. Publisher is not responsible for any damages whatsoever resulting from this consequence of the author's or conference organizer's or a third party decision. All questions or differences whatsoever concerning manuscripts withdrawal from American Scientific Publishers whether as to construction or otherwise, shall be held in the County of Los Angeles, California, United States of America. 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