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Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
ISSN: 1550-7033 (Print): EISSN: 1550-7041 (Online)
Copyright © 2000- American Scientific Publishers. All Rights Reserved.

Instructions for Authors
Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology (JBN) is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal focused on all aspects of nanoscale research in the fields of nanobiotechnology, medicine, biology, biomaterials, biomedical devices, and applications of nanotechnology in all fields of life sciences. JBN publishes original full papers and timely state-of-the-art reviews with author's photo and biography, and short communications encompassing the fundamental and applied research aspects.
 
JOURNAL POLICY: It is journal policy to publish only original and unpublished research work therefore Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology does not wish to receive any papers on research work that has already been reported in parts or contains already published text, data, figures, tables or other illustrations or any copyright materials whatsoever that has been submitted or accepted for publication either in a journal or conference proceedings elsewhere in any form, in print or in electronic media. When submitting a manuscript, authors should make a full statement to the Editor-in-Chief or Editors that the research work contained in their manuscript is completely original and unpublished. If redundant or duplicate publication is attempted or occurs authors should expect immediate editorial action to be taken including prompt rejection of the submitted manuscript. Submission of any manuscript that contains redundant or duplicate publication of the same or very similar research work violates the policies of this journal.

It is the sole responsibility of all authors to ensure that all manuscripts are new, original and not published previously in any form any media, shall not infringe upon or violate any kind of copyrights of others and does not contains any plagiarized, fraudulent and improperly attributed materials. Extended and modified versions of previously published abstracts, papers in any conference or journal are not allowed whatsoever.

Corresponding author should provide a clear statement confirming this while submitting manuscript to any ASP journal. Is this manuscript 100% original and unpublished? Has this manuscript been published in parts (figures/text/tables) in any conference proceedings or journal in any media or language or format whatsoever? Is this manuscript from free from plagiarism (including self-plagiarism) and copyright infringement?

Authors must follow this "Journal Policy" strictly.

PUBLISHING ETHICS: American Scientific Publishers strictly follows guidelines set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors, available at www.publicationethics.org. All Authors, Peer-Reviewers and Editors work together in a great harmony to ensure the highest ethical standards in publishing quality research work in our journals.

EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE: American Scientific Publishers completely respect the editorial independence and does not interfere with any types of editorial decisions. Our independent team of editors conduct a thorough review of every single research article before it is published. The decisions either to accept or reject manuscripts are not made by American Scientific Publishing where any staff members have no say whatsoever. The acceptability of the selected reviewers who are experts in their fields of study, the appropriateness of comments by reviewers and thereafter, response by authors addressing all comments, and the overall scientific quality of a research article are taken into serious consideration when reaching a final editorial decision.

SUBMISSION FROM EDITORS AND EDITORIAL STAFFS AS AUTHORS: Journal Editors and Editorial Staff are not at all involved in the processing of their own research work, which is usual practice in all publications processed by American Scientific Publishers. This ensures the academic evaluation and editorial decision-making processes are free of conflicts of interest. Any manuscript written and submitted by an editor or a member of the editorial team is minimum two impartial reviewers who have no conflict of interest with the author(s). All reviewers are required to provide an in-depth and objective evaluation of each paper based on their expertise in the appropriate research topic. These editors or board members take into consideration the evaluation, comments, and suggestions of the reviewers as well as any other related information before making a final decision based on the high quality of the manuscript.

POLICY ON INFORMED CONSENT: An informed consent of the patient(s) is confirmed from any research institution involving human subjects for conducting research activities and clinical trials. The concept of informed consent is followed with the Nuremberg Code, The Declaration of Helsinki, and The Belmont Report. Furthermore, the identification of patient(s) is kept private. A statement about the consent of the patient(s) is included in the manuscript.

ETHICAL COMPLIANCE: Research papers reporting animal or clinical studies should, where appropriate, contain a statement that they have been carried out with animal or human ethics committee approval. All scientific studies should be carried out in accordance with the relevant national and local guidelines. Each author(s) warrants that his or her research institution has fully approved the protocol for all scientific studies involving animals or humans and that all experiments of any kinds were conducted in compliance with ethical and humane principles of research after ethics committee approval.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE: The corresponding author should include a statement describing any type of financial conflicts of interest in journal article on behalf of all authors including affiliations, all sources of funding, or any kinds of relationships, that may be associated with conflicts of interest. In case, no conflict of interest exits, then a statement will should be included as “The authors declare no competing financial interest.”

REQUIREMENT FOR FUNDING DISCLOSURE: Authors should clearly report all funding sources including any grant numbers in the research article to meet funding disclosure requirements.

PEER-REVIEW PROCESS: The journal applies a very strict peer-reviewing process to ensure high quality and to maintain confidentiality of reviewers. The Editor-in-Chief and Editor(s) initially perform a preliminary assessment of each submitted manuscript to check if it meets the journal’s requirement including the scope and guidelines are followed for manuscript preparation. Thereafter, each submitted manuscript is moved to the initial reviewing process where a minimum of three independent reviewers, who are experts in that particular field of study will carefully evaluate the article. All reviewer’s comments and any other suggestions will be forwarded to the *corresponding author(s) of the manuscript for making appropriate revisions. Upon receiving a revised manuscript, the Editor-in-Chief and Editor (s) will make a final decision either to accept or reject the manuscript in accordance with the reviewers.
SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPT: Authors are kindly advised to read Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology policy and also the uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals as proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (http://www.icmje.org) before submitting their manuscript to Editor-in-Chief or Editors. Authors are encouraged to submit high quality original research work that has not been published or nor under consideration by other journals or conference proceedings elsewhere. Authors should submit manuscript Submit manuscript online to the MsTracker.

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Prof. Dr. Murugan Ramalingam
IKERBASQUE, Centro de investigación Lascaray,
University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Email: editorjbnjournal@gmail.com
 
Authors should submit a list of FIVE (5) potential referees accompanied with their complete mailing address, telephone, fax and email address, who may be contacted for reviewing the manuscript though refereeing, is done by anonymous reviewers. In order to ensure that the highest quality manuscripts are published, reviewing process is carried out in two stages. A mandatory editor's approval is required in the first stage for the manuscripts before it is submitted to the peer review process in the second stage.

MANUSCRIPT-PROCESSING FEES
All new manuscripts submitted to this journal after 12am Pacific Time on August 1, 2014 will be subjected to a Manuscript-Processing Fees. Research article publishing is not without occurring costs and the costs have been steadily increasing. To defray part of the publication cost, the journal will charge manuscript-processing fees, to be paid by the authors or their affiliated research institutions. The publication fee will be used to defray part of the occurring expenses associated with manuscript processing, editorial work flow, typesetting, proofreading, printing, online-hosting, and archiving. Authors or their affiliated research institutions are required to pay  US$ 1280 per article from all Countries. All color figures/illustrations in a manuscript will be published FREE OF CHARGES. When submitting a manuscript through online, it will be processed with an understanding that the corresponding authors fully agree to pay all manuscript-processing fees upon acceptance. The author who submits the manuscript to the journal is fully responsible for the manuscript-processing fees. Accepted peer-reviewed manuscripts will not be processed and forwarded to production until all fees are paid in full to the publisher. Publisher will issue an invoice of manuscript-processing fees after a manuscript has been accepted for publication. Corresponding author will be asked to submit a signed Copyright Transfer Agreement (CTA) along with manuscript processing fees.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND COPYEDITING
It is sole responsibility of the authors to submit their final accepted manuscript in correct English language, free of all typographical/grammatical errors to meet high publishing standards. All authors from non-English language countries should get their final accepted manuscripts copyedited by professional copyediting services at author's own expense. All copyediting services are fully paid for and arranged by the authors. Manuscripts will be processed for publication on a condition that authors submit a certificate of proof along with their final accepted manuscript. A list of professional copyediting editing services can be found below.

1.  American Journal Experts (www.aje.com)  
2.  Charlesworth Author Services China Phone: +86(10) 87095751, Email: info@cwauthors.com.cn 
3.   BioMed Proofreading LLC (www.biomedproofreading.com/index.htm) 
4.  Editage (www.editage.com) 
5.   International Science Editing Ltd. (www.internationalscienceediting.com)  
6.  ScienceDocs Inc.(www.sciencedocs.com)  
7.  SciTechEdit International (www.scitechedit.com) 
8.  Stallard Scientific Editing (www.stallardediting.com) 
9.  Textcheck (www.textcheck.com) 
10.  Write Science Right (www.writescienceright.com/index.html) 
PDF FILES AND HARDCOPIES:
Authors who submitted their manuscripts after 12:00am Pacific Time on August 1, 2014 and have paid manuscript-processing fees will receive pdf files of their published articles. If authors require a hardcopy of the journal issue having their research articles then authors may also purchase hardcopies of the journal issue or subscribe to the journal by contacting the publisher. No free hardcopies of journal issue and/or research article are provided. If authors require a hardcopy of the journal issue having their research article then authors should pay additional $850 to the publisher to recover the costs of all color illustrations in a print edition and shipping.

COMMUNICATIONS: Highest priority will be given to the communications reporting important new scientific and technological findings. Rapid publication is provided for concise and up-to-date reports. These articles should not exceed three-four published pages. No section headings should be used for these short communications.
 
RESEARCH ARTICLES: Full length papers that report original research work on new ideas in the fields of biomedical nanotechnology.
 
REVIEWS: The state-of-the-art review articles with author's short biography and photo will be published. Reviews are limited to a maximum length of 30 journal pages. It is author's responsibility to obtain written copyright permissions to reproduce any copyright materials from other sources. Authors are advised to cite proper references in figure/tables captions of all previously published figures/tables/illustrations including their own published work and obtain copyright permissions from appropriate publishers and authors.
 
TYPING: All manuscripts must be in English, typed double-spaced on one side of the page throughout (including footnotes, references, tables, legends) on 8.5" x 11" or A4 white paper leaving at least 1 inch left hand margin.
 
INTRODUCTORY MATERIAL: The first page of the manuscript should have a concise title limited to about 15 words and the names of all authors, complete mailing address for correspondence, telephone, fax numbers and email address. Please indicate with an asterisk (*) the author to whom correspondence regarding the manuscript should be directed.
 
ABSTRACT: All manuscripts must contain an informative 100 to 250 words abstract explaining the essential contents of the work, key ideas and results.
 
KEYWORDS: A list of 5-10 "Keywords" should be included with the abstract.
 
MAIN AUTHOR'S BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH (FOR REVIEW ARTICLES ONLY): JBN publishes author's biographical sketch for the review articles. Prepare the sketch based on the following template.
 
 
FIGURES: It is very important to supply high quality figures in a form suitable for reproduction. All figures, tables, illustrations, photographs should be prepared in such a way that they could be printed in a single column size with a width of 3 1/4 inches or 8.25 cm. Only if absolutely necessary should figures/tables/photos occupy double columns. Each figure must be referred to in the text and will be printed in black and white unless otherwise instructed by the authors. Each Figure should be submitted on a separate sheet and marked with the name of the author, title of manuscript and figure number. All formulae and figures should be carefully drafted and never drawn freehand. Use same font and size for all figure legends. High quality original figures and glossy prints of all photographs are required. Photocopies of the figures and photographs are not acceptable. Use 12 font for numbering and 14 font for legends.
 
FREE COLOR PRINTING: Color illustrations are most welcome by the journal as they are effective in conveying complex graphs and photographs. Free color printing at the Editor-in-Chief's discretion, will provide an opportunity to publish color figures/illustrations in print at NO COST to the authors.
 
PHOTOGRAPHS: Half-tone illustrations should be supplied as clear, glossy, unmounted prints. The author's name, title of manuscript and figure number should be written on the back.
 
TABLES: Each table must be referred to in the text. Each table should be typed double-spaced on a separate sheet and identified sequentially by Arabic numerals corresponding to the order in which they appear in the text. Each table should have a brief explanatory title, which should be labeled unambiguously. The position of each table should be clearly marked in the text.
 
UNITS: Internationally accepted units of measurement must be used. The units of measurement are used in conjunction with their numerical values; the units should be abbreviated as suggested below. If more commonly used units are adopted, conversion factors should be given at their first occurrence. Greek symbols may be used. %, ºC, nm, µm (not m), mm, cm, cm3, m, h (or hr), min, s (or sec), µg, mg, g (or gm), kg, cal, kcal, in. (or write out inch), ml [write out liter(s)].
 
The APS style guide can be used as a general reference on matter of units, grammar and formatting.
 
ABBREVIATIONS: No abbreviations are allowed in the title and abstract and should be defined the first time they are used within the text. The "Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology" should be abbreviated as J. Biomed. Nanotech. for the citation purpose. .
 
REFERENCES (Use Harvard Referencing): References should be in the proper Harvard style on a separate page, numbered in the sequence in which they occur in the text. Cite references numerically in a bracket [ ] in the text and list in the same numerical order at the end of the manuscript. References should be listed in the HARVARD Referencing format:

Names of all Authors. The Surname is followed by First name initials. (example; Williams, P. G.)
Year of Research Article Publication (in Bold: 2015)
Title of Research Article.
Full Journal Title (complete journal title in Italics, do not use abbreviated journal titles).
Volume Number of the Journal.
Issue Number of Journal.
Page Numbers of research article (starting from beginning page to last page of a research article)

Authors could directly copy the references of all research articles in Harvard style from Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com) and cite accordingly in their manuscripts.
EXAMPLES OF HARVARD REFERENCING
 
1. Journal Articles in Harvard Style

Xu, Y., Bai, H., Lu, G., Li, C. and Shi, G., 2008. Flexible graphene films via the filtration of water-soluble noncovalent functionalized graphene sheets. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(18), pp.5856-5857.

Kim, K.S., Kim, K.H., Nam, Y., Jeon, J., Yim, S., Singh, E., Lee, J.Y., Lee, S.J., Jung, Y.S., Yeom, G.Y. and Kim, D.W., 2017. Atomic layer etching mechanism of MoS2 for nanodevices. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(13), pp.11967-11976.

2. Book Referencing in Harvard Style

Nalwa, H.S. and Miyata, S., eds., 1996. Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers. CRC Press.

Nalwa, H.S., ed., 1997. Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers. 4-volume set. Wiley.

Nalwa, H.S. ed., 2000. Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, 10-volume set. Academic Press.

3. Book Chapter in an Edited Book in Harvard Style

Krill, C.E., Harberkorn, R. and Birringer, R., 1999. in Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, edited by H. S. Nalwa, Academic Press, Vol. 2, pp.155-211.

4. Website in Harvard Style

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (https://www.nrel.gov/solar)

5. Conference Proceedings in Harvard Style

Kimura, J. and Shibasaki, H., eds., (1995). Recent Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology, October 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. pp. 10-15.
 
Do not use the phrases "et al." and "ibid." in the reference section. Instead, the names of all authors in a reference must be listed.
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: These should be brief and placed at the end of the text before the references.
 
PROOFS: Page proofs for the correction of printer's errors only will be dispatched to the corresponding author denoted with an asterik (*) unless otherwise requested. Alterations at this stage are not allowed as they are expensive and may have to be charged to the authors. The proofread copy and reprint order form must be returned within 72 hours.
 
OFFPRINTS: Authors may order reprints of articles with a minimum of 100 from ASP prior to publication. An order form accompanying the page proofs will be sent directly to the author. Please return your reprint order form with the page proofs.
 
ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION: Upon acceptance of the manuscript for publication, authors should submit to the publisher a diskette or CD containing the final version of the manuscript accompanied by a hard copy printout to improve the accuracy and speed up the typesetting process. The disk or CD should be clearly labeled with the author's name, manuscript title, the date, and the hardware and software package used in preparation. The preferred medium is 3.5-inch diskette or a CD in Windows/MS-DOS or Macintosh having TeX. We are also able to accept line artwork/graphics on disk or CD if you supply us the source files to enables us to modify the artwork as required for the journal format.
 
REFEREEING: If you are interested in reviewing the manuscripts for JBN, please send 15-20 keywords in the field of your research expertise, your short biography and your complete mailing address, phone, fax and email address to the Editors-in-Chief. Referee's report can be submitted by e-mail to the Editors-in-Chief. To speed up the reviewing process, editors will communicate with authors and the referees via email. ASP or Editors will not return manuscripts to authors and keep any records whatsoever after a formal decision has been made about the manuscript. Editors have the right to reject the manuscript.
 
WARRANTIES AND COPYRIGHTS: By submitting the manuscript, the authors warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in the research article are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever. All authors are responsible for the complete contents of their manuscript. The author(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, do not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, and does not contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property. Each author(s) agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless American Scientific Publishers and the Editors for any breach of such warranties. It is authors' responsibility to obtain written copyright permissions from other sources (publishers) for reproduction of any figures, tables, photos, illustrations, text or other copyright materials from previously published work. It is the policy of American Scientific Publishers to own the copyright of all contributions it publishes. To comply with the U.S. Copyright Law, a Copyright Transfer Form that transfer copyright of the article to the publisher must be completed by the authors prior to publication of an accepted article in this journal. Authors must submit a signed copy of the Copyright Transfer Agreement with their manuscript.

ETHICAL ISSUES: Authors cannot submit a manuscript for publication to other journals simultaneously. It is waste of valuable resources because editors and referees spent a great deal of time processing submitted manuscripts. It is also unethical to republish similar research articles (text/figures/tables) again because journals have limited page space and it most likely violates copyrights which have already been transferred to the first journal. Therefore, all journals require a signed author's copyright transfer agreement stating the originality of the research work submitted through a manuscript. As stated above that authors should submit original, new and unpublished research work to the journal. The ethical issues such as plagiarism, fraudulent and duplicate publication, violation of copyrights, authorship and conflict of interest are serious issues concerning ethical integrity when submitting a manuscript to a journal for publication.

WITHDRAWAL OF MANUSCRIPTS: If the author requests withdrawal of manuscript after submission within the time span when the manuscript is still in the peer-reviewing process with Editors/Referees, author is allowed to withdraw the manuscript without paying any withdrawal penalty whatsoever. However, it is unethical to withdraw a submitted manuscript from one journal if accepted by another journal. The withdrawal of manuscripts from the journals after submitting to the publisher will incur a withdrawal penalty from American Scientific Publishers. After the manuscript is accepted for publication either through journal editors or guest editors or conference organizers, the withdrawal is not permitted by American Scientific Publishers. If the authors or conference organizers or a third party withdraw manuscripts any time after final manuscripts have already been submitted to American Scientific Publishers for processing, the request is not entertained without a significant withdrawal penalty. Authors or conference organizers or a third party are not allowed to withdraw submitted manuscripts because the withdrawal wastes valuable manuscript processing time, money and works invested by the publisher. The authors or conference organizers or a third party must always pay $200 per page manuscript processing charges as withdrawal penalty to the publisher even if the withdrawal is permitted. The withdrawal of the conference papers by conference organizers will never be permitted and the conference organizers will be punished for withdrawal by paying a withdrawal penalty of US$500 per manuscript. Withdrawal of manuscripts is only allowed after withdrawal penalty has been fully paid to the American Scientific Publishers by the authors or conference organizers or a third party. Any reason whatsoever of withdrawal of submitted manuscripts is treated as invalid and completely unacceptable under any circumstances. Publisher is not responsible for any damages whatsoever resulting from this consequence of the author's or conference organizer's or a third party decision. All questions or differences whatsoever concerning manuscripts withdrawal from American Scientific Publishers whether as to construction or otherwise, shall be held in the County of Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING: American Scientific Publishers has no control whatsoever over abstracting and indexing of their scientific journals in any types of databases (SCIE, Scopus, Compendex, PubMed, CPCI, etc.), therefore, the publisher does not guarantee and take any responsibilities whatsoever for any kind of abstracting and indexing coverage of the published work in any types of databases whatsoever.

UNAUTHORIZED CONFERENCES: American Scientific Publishers would like to caution potential authors that there are fraudulent activities going on in some countries where Conference Organizers are cheating fellow colleagues by falsely promising the publication of their research papers in SCIE/EI journals. It is very unfortunate to mention that some conference organizers are using the ASP logo and the journal titles/covers from ASP's websites without any authorization, which is completely illegal. Be aware that such conference organizers also disconnect emails and phones after receiving full payment for registration and publication charges from potential authors. Kindly be vigilant of such illegal activity. American Scientific Publishers is not responsible for such fraudulent activities and for any kind of damages brought on by the author's decisions. Author(s) hereby undertake to indemnify and hold harmless American Scientific Publishers and the Editors for any and all damages/claims/liabilities incurred from any and all actions by the conference organizers or any third party.

WARRANTIES FOR CONFERENCE ORGANIZERS: The Conference Organizer(s) submitting manuscripts to American Scientific Publishers warrant and represent that any material prepared by the Author(s) for the Journal shall be 100% new, original and unpublished in any form, shall not infringe upon or violate any copyright, trademark, obligation of confidentiality or other right or the privacy of others, or contain any libelous or unlawful statements or material or instructions that may cause harm or injury to a person or property; and that he/she will not include in the Journal any Article that the Editor believes or has any reason to believe may infringe or violate such rights or contain such material or matter or instructions that may cause harm or injury.

The Conference Organizer(s) submitting manuscripts to American Scientific Publishers represent and warrant that they have full power and authority to enter into this agreement. The Conference Organizer(s) agree to indemnify and hold the Publisher and any of its representatives harmless from any and all claims, demands, for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive damages of any kind whatsoever, including, but not limited to all liabilities, lost opportunities, costs, charges and expenses (including counsel fees) that the Publisher incurs or sustains arising out of any breach by the Conference Organizer(s) of the foregoing warranties and representations. The Conference Organizer(s) hereby agrees to indemnify and defend American Scientific Publishers from claims, costs, charges, damages, fees, expenses or liabilities of any kind whatsoever brought or preferred by any third party against Publisher.

The relationship between the parties is that of independent contractors and does not constitute a partnership and the Conference Organizer(s) shall have no authority to bind American Scientific Publishers in any way. All questions or differences whatsoever which may at any time hereafter arise between the parties hereto concerning this Agreement or the subject matter thereof and whether as to construction or otherwise, shall be held in the County of Los Angeles, California. These terms and conditions shall be construed and interpreted under the laws of the State of California.
 
 
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